Iban to Madurese Translator

Spoken mainly on Madura Island and parts of eastern Java, Indonesia.

Uses the Latin script in modern contexts; Arabic script (Pegon) was used historically.

Non-tonal; includes glottal stops and retroflex consonants; aspirated and unaspirated stops are contrastive.

SVO word order; agglutinative morphology; politeness levels affect verb forms and vocabulary.

Includes loanwords from Javanese, Arabic, Sanskrit, Dutch, and Indonesian.

Austronesian family, Malayo-Polynesian branch.

Latin script; Pegon (Arabic-derived) script used in religious texts.

Shifted from Pegon to Latin during colonial and post-colonial periods.

Approximately 7 to 13 million speakers.

Iban is primarily spoken in Sarawak, Malaysia, and parts of western Kalimantan in Indonesia. It is also spoken by Iban communities in Brunei and the Iban diaspora worldwide.

Uses the Latin alphabet, consisting of 26 letters: A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z.

Iban features simple syllable structures, with most syllables ending in a vowel or nasal sound. Stress typically falls on the penultimate syllable. Tone is not phonemic, but intonation patterns are important for meaning.

Follows a Verb-Subject-Object (VSO) word order. Iban grammar uses a system of prefixes, suffixes, and infixes to indicate tense, aspect, and mood. Reduplication is common for pluralization and intensification.

Includes loanwords from Malay, English, and other regional languages, reflecting trade and cultural exchanges.

Part of the Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family.

Uses the Latin script. Historically, the Iban language was primarily oral, and writing was introduced by missionaries and educators in the 19th and 20th centuries.

The Latin alphabet was adopted for Iban during the colonial period for educational and religious purposes. Literacy efforts have since focused on standardizing the writing system.

Approximately 1.4 million speakers, mainly in Sarawak, Malaysia.