Awadhi to Jingpo Translator

Spoken in northern Myanmar (Kachin State), with smaller populations in southwestern China (Yunnan Province) and northeastern India (Arunachal Pradesh and Assam).

Uses Latin-based orthographies in Myanmar and China; Burmese script is also used locally.

Tonal language with typically three or four tones; syllable structure is generally CV or CVC; phonemic tone is essential to word meaning.

Primarily Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) word order; agglutinative morphology with extensive verb inflection and use of particles.

Includes borrowings from Burmese, Chinese, and English depending on region.

Sino-Tibetan family, specifically the Jingpho-Luish branch.

Latin-based script is the most widely used, particularly in Bible translations and education materials.

Missionary-led development of Latin script began in the 19th century; localized adaptations continue.

Approximately 900,000 to 1 million speakers across Myanmar, China, and India.

Awadhi is primarily spoken in the Awadh region of northern India, mainly in the state of Uttar Pradesh (around Lucknow, Faizabad, and Allahabad), and in parts of Madhya Pradesh and Bihar. It is also spoken by migrant communities in Fiji, Mauritius, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, and South Africa.

Uses the Devanagari script officially. In diaspora communities and historically, it has also been written in Kaithi and Perso-Arabic scripts.

Awadhi features a typical Indo-Aryan phonemic inventory with retroflex and dental contrasts, nasal vowels, and aspirated stops. Vowel nasalization and schwa deletion are phonemic in some contexts.

Follows Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order. Like other Hindi dialects, Awadhi uses postpositions rather than prepositions, has gendered nouns, and verb conjugations that agree with the subject in gender, number, and politeness level.

Includes many loanwords from Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, and English due to historical contact, especially during Mughal and British rule.

Part of the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family, classified under the Eastern Hindi subgroup.

Primarily written in Devanagari today. Historically also written in Kaithi script. Perso-Arabic script was used in Muslim literary traditions.

Early literary works in Awadhi, like the *Ramcharitmanas* by Tulsidas, were written in Devanagari. During the medieval period, both Kaithi and Perso-Arabic scripts were used. Devanagari has since become dominant.

Approximately 40–45 million native speakers, mainly in India, with additional speakers in the diaspora.