Santali Ol Chiki to Urdu Translator

Urdu is primarily spoken in Pakistan where it is the national language and lingua franca, and in India, particularly in the Hindi-Urdu belt regions including Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, and Hyderabad. It is also spoken by immigrant communities in the Middle East, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada.

Uses the Perso-Arabic script, known as Nasta’liq. The script is written from right to left and consists of 38 letters, accommodating sounds specific to Urdu as well as Arabic and Persian phonetics.

Features a significant number of phonemes, including several aspirated consonants and nasal sounds, with phonetic influences from Arabic and Persian.

Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order predominates. Urdu grammar is highly inflected with extensive use of conjugation and declension, mirroring the structure of other Indo-Iranian languages.

Contains a significant number of loanwords from Arabic, Persian, and English, reflecting various periods of conquest and colonial rule.

Part of the Indo-Aryan group of the Indo-European language family, closely related to Hindi, with which it shares a base vocabulary and grammatical features, differing largely in script and formal vocabulary.

Uses a modified form of the Perso-Arabic script adapted for Indo-Aryan phonology, known as Nasta’liq, which is also used for writing Persian and Pashto in South Asia.

The adoption of the Nasta’liq script for Urdu developed during the time of the Mughal Empire when Persian was the court language. Urdu evolved as a vernacular form of Hindustani spoken in the army camps (‘Urdu-e-Mualla’) of the Mughals.

Approximately 230 million people speak Urdu as a first or second language.

Spoken by the Santal people in India (primarily in Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha, Bihar), as well as small communities in Bangladesh and Nepal.

Uses the Ol Chiki script (also called Ol Cemetʼ), created by Pandit Raghunath Murmu in the 1920s specifically for Santali. Written left to right.

Santali is non‑tonal. It features aspirated and unaspirated stops, a full set of nasals (including retroflex), and also has both short and long vowels.

Follows Subject‑Object‑Verb (SOV) word order. It is an agglutinative language, using extensive suffixes to mark case, number, person, tense, aspect, and mood.

Includes loanwords from neighboring Indo‑Aryan languages (Bengali, Odia Hindi) and from English.

A member of the Munda sub‑branch of the Austroasiatic family.

Traditionally oral; the Ol Chiki script was deliberately invented to write Santali in a way that was native and culturally appropriate.

The script was devised by Pandit Raghunath Murmu in 1925. It replaced Roman and Bengali-based orthographies and has since become a symbol of Santal cultural identity. It is now taught in schools and used in media and literature.

Approximately 7 million speakers, making it one of the largest Munda languages.