Urdu to Dogri Translator

Primarily spoken in Jammu and Kashmir (India), with communities in Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, and Dogri diaspora worldwide.

Uses Devanagari script with additional letters: अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, क, ख, ग, घ, ङ, च, छ, ज, झ, ञ, ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण, त, थ, द, ध, न, प, फ, ब, भ, म, य, र, ल, व, श, ष, स, ह

Features aspirated/unaspirated consonant distinctions, retroflex consonants, and vowel system typical of Indo-Aryan languages.

Subject-object-verb (SOV) word order. Complex verbal morphology with extensive honorific system and case marking.

Contains loanwords from Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, Punjabi, Hindi, and increasingly English.

Part of the Indo-European family, specifically the Indo-Aryan branch, closely related to Punjabi and other northwestern Indo-Aryan languages.

Uses Devanagari script, historically also written in Arabic script and local scripts.

Traditionally used various scripts including Arabic, adopted Devanagari script for modern literary and official use.

Approximately 2.6 million speakers worldwide, primarily in Jammu and Kashmir region of India.

Urdu is primarily spoken in Pakistan where it is the national language and lingua franca, and in India, particularly in the Hindi-Urdu belt regions including Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, and Hyderabad. It is also spoken by immigrant communities in the Middle East, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Canada.

Uses the Perso-Arabic script, known as Nasta’liq. The script is written from right to left and consists of 38 letters, accommodating sounds specific to Urdu as well as Arabic and Persian phonetics.

Features a significant number of phonemes, including several aspirated consonants and nasal sounds, with phonetic influences from Arabic and Persian.

Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) order predominates. Urdu grammar is highly inflected with extensive use of conjugation and declension, mirroring the structure of other Indo-Iranian languages.

Contains a significant number of loanwords from Arabic, Persian, and English, reflecting various periods of conquest and colonial rule.

Part of the Indo-Aryan group of the Indo-European language family, closely related to Hindi, with which it shares a base vocabulary and grammatical features, differing largely in script and formal vocabulary.

Uses a modified form of the Perso-Arabic script adapted for Indo-Aryan phonology, known as Nasta’liq, which is also used for writing Persian and Pashto in South Asia.

The adoption of the Nasta’liq script for Urdu developed during the time of the Mughal Empire when Persian was the court language. Urdu evolved as a vernacular form of Hindustani spoken in the army camps (‘Urdu-e-Mualla’) of the Mughals.

Approximately 230 million people speak Urdu as a first or second language.