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How Vietnamese and Chinese compare

Different writing systems

Vietnamese uses Latin while Chinese uses Chinese characters. Because the two do not share an alphabet, translated output cannot be sounded out from the original spelling — copy the result directly rather than trying to transcribe it.

Unrelated language families

Vietnamese belongs to the Austroasiatic family while Chinese belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family. With no shared ancestry there are few cognates to fall back on, so idioms and fixed expressions rarely map word-for-word. Short, literal sentences translate more accurately than figurative ones.

Matching sentence structure

Both languages follow subject-verb-object (SVO) order, so clauses usually keep their shape during translation. Words tend to land in a similar position, which makes it easier to check a translation against the original even without fluency.

Speakers

Vietnamese: Approximately 86 million native speakers, making it the most spoken language in the Austroasiatic family. Chinese: About 1.3 speakers globally, making it one of the world's most spoken languages.

Common Vietnamese phrases in Chinese

Everyday phrases translated from Vietnamese to Chinese — useful for travel, conversation and learning.

Greetings

Greetings: Vietnamese phrases and their Chinese translations
VietnameseChinese
Xin chào你好
Chào buổi sáng早上好
Chào buổi chiều下午好
Chào buổi tối晚上好
Chúc ngủ ngon晚安
Tạm biệt再见
Hẹn gặp lại sau稍后见
Hẹn gặp bạn vào ngày mai明天见
Chào mừng欢迎
Bạn khỏe không?你好吗?
Tôi ổn, cảm ơn bạn我很好,谢谢
Chúc một ngày tốt lành祝你有美好的一天

Courtesy

Courtesy: Vietnamese phrases and their Chinese translations
VietnameseChinese
Làm ơn
Cảm ơn bạn谢谢你
Cảm ơn bạn rất nhiều非常感谢
Không có chi不客气
是的
Không
Xin lỗi对不起
Tôi xin lỗi对不起
Không vấn đề gì没问题
Tất nhiên当然
Xin chúc mừng恭喜你
Chúc may mắn祝你好运

Introductions

Introductions: Vietnamese phrases and their Chinese translations
VietnameseChinese
Tên bạn là gì?你叫什么名字?
Rất vui được gặp bạn很高兴认识你
Bạn đến từ đâu?你来自哪里?
Bạn bao nhiêu tuổi?你今年多大?
Tôi là một sinh viên我是一名学生
Tôi ở đây vào kỳ nghỉ我在这里度假
Tôi ở đây vì công việc我来这里是为了工作
Đây là bạn của tôi这是我的朋友

Numbers

Numbers: Vietnamese phrases and their Chinese translations
VietnameseChinese
Một
Hai两个
Ba
Bốn
Năm
Sáu
Bảy
Tám
Chín
Mười
Một trăm一百
Một nghìn一千

Time and dates

Time and dates: Vietnamese phrases and their Chinese translations
VietnameseChinese
Hôm nay今天
Ngày mai明天
Hôm qua昨天
Bây giờ现在
Sau này后来
Bây giờ là mấy giờ?现在几点了?
Vào buổi sáng早上
Vào buổi tối晚上
Thứ hai星期一
Thứ sáu周五
Tuần tới下周
Một giờ一小时

Directions and travel

Directions and travel: Vietnamese phrases and their Chinese translations
VietnameseChinese
Phòng tắm ở đâu?浴室在哪里?
Nhà ga xe lửa ở đâu?火车站在哪里?
Sân bay ở đâu?机场在哪里?
Làm thế nào để tôi đến đó?我怎样才能到达那里?
Rẽ trái左转
Rẽ phải右转
Đi thẳng về phía trước一直往前走
Nó ở gần已经很近了
Nó xa很远
Tôi bị lạc我迷路了
Tôi cần một chiếc taxi我需要一辆出租车
Tôi có thể mua vé ở đâu?我在哪里可以买票?
Giá vé là bao nhiêu?票多少銭?
Đi bộ có an toàn không?步行安全吗?

Food and restaurants

Food and restaurants: Vietnamese phrases and their Chinese translations
VietnameseChinese
Tôi đói我饿了
Tôi khát我渴了
Xin nước请喝水
Vui lòng cho một bàn cho hai người请给一张两人桌
Cho xin thực đơn请给菜单
Bạn đề nghị gì?你有什么推荐?
Tôi muốn cái này我想要这个
Nó rất ngon很好吃
Xin vui lòng cho hóa đơn请付帐单
Tôi không ăn thịt我不吃肉
Tôi bị dị ứng thực phẩm我有食物过敏
Cà phê咖啡
Trà
Bánh mì面包

Shopping and money

Shopping and money: Vietnamese phrases and their Chinese translations
VietnameseChinese
Cái này giá bao nhiêu?这要花多少钱?
Nó quá đắt太贵了
Bạn có chấp nhận thẻ tín dụng không?你们接受信用卡吗?
Tôi chỉ đang nhìn我只是在寻找
Tôi sẽ lấy nó我会接受它
Mở打开
Đã đóng关闭
Lối vào入口处
Thoát退出
Chợ ở đâu?市场在哪里?

Emergency and health

Emergency and health: Vietnamese phrases and their Chinese translations
VietnameseChinese
Trợ giúp帮助
Gọi bác sĩ打电话给医生
Gọi cảnh sát报警
Tôi cần giúp đỡ我需要帮助
Tôi bị ốm我病了
Bệnh viện ở đâu?医院在哪里?
Hiệu thuốc ở đâu?药房在哪里?
Ở đây đau quá这里很痛
Tôi cần một bác sĩ我需要一名医生
Có bệnh viện nào gần đây không?附近有医院吗?

Getting help with language

Getting help with language: Vietnamese phrases and their Chinese translations
VietnameseChinese
Bạn có nói được tiếng Anh không?你会说英语吗?
Tôi không hiểu我不明白
Tôi hiểu我明白了
Hãy nói chậm lại请慢慢地说
Hãy lặp lại điều đó请重复一遍
Hãy viết nó ra请写下来
Điều này có nghĩa là gì?这意味着什么?
Làm thế nào để bạn nói điều này?这话怎么说呢?
Tôi đang học我正在学习
Tôi nói một chút我稍微讲一点
Bạn có thể giúp tôi được không?你能帮我吗?
Tôi không biết我不知道

Translations are generated automatically and may vary by region or context.

About Chinese Language

Geographical Distribution

Chinese is primarily spoken in China (中国, Zhōngguó), Taiwan (台湾, Táiwān), and Singapore (新加坡, Xīnjiāpō), with significant numbers of speakers in Indonesia (印度尼西亚, Yìndùníxīyà), Malaysia (马来西亚, Mǎláixīyà), Thailand (泰国, Tàiguó), and overseas Chinese communities globally.

Alphabet

Does not use an alphabet but uses a logographic writing system composed of thousands of characters (汉字, Hànzì).A (诶), B (比), C (西), D (迪), E (伊), F (艾弗), G (吉), H (艾尺), I (艾), J (杰), K (开), L (艾勒), M (艾马), N (艾娜), O (哦), P (屁), Q (吉吾), R (艾儿), S (艾丝), T (提), U (伊吾), V (维), W (豆贝尔维), X (艾克斯), Y (吾艾), Z (贼德)

Vowels

Standard Mandarin has simple vowels: a (啊, ā), e (额, é), i (衣, yī), o (哦, ó), u (乌, wū), ü (迂, yū)a is pronounced like 'father' (啊, ā)e is pronounced in various ways, often like 'sir' (额, é)i is pronounced like 'see' (衣, yī)o is pronounced like 'or' (哦, ó)u is pronounced like 'flute' (乌, wū)ü is similar to the French 'lune' (迂, yū)

Consonants

b (ㄅ), p (ㄆ), m (ㄇ), f (ㄈ), d (ㄉ), t (ㄊ), n (ㄋ), l (ㄌ), g (ㄍ), k (ㄎ), h (ㄏ), j (ㄐ), q (ㄑ), x (ㄒ), zh (ㄓ), ch (ㄔ), sh (ㄕ), r (ㄖ), z (ㄗ), c (ㄘ), s (ㄙ), y (ㄧ), w (ㄨ)

Phonetics

Features four tones in Mandarin (high, rising, falling-rising, and falling) which are crucial to meaning. Other dialects may have up to nine tones.

Grammar and Syntax

Typically follows a subject-verb-object (SVO) order (主谓宾, zhǔwèibīn). Uses particles to indicate tense and aspect. Does not inflect nouns for number or gender, nor verbs for tense.

Loanwords

Includes loanwords from Mongolian (蒙古语, Ménggǔ yǔ), Tibetan (藏语, Zàng yǔ), Japanese (日语, Rìyǔ), and English (英语, Yīngyǔ), among others.

Language Family

Part of the Sino-Tibetan language family (汉藏语系, Hàn-Zàng yǔxì).

Writing Systems

Uses Chinese characters (汉字, Hànzì). Simplified characters (简体字, Jiǎntǐzì) are used in Mainland China and Singapore. Traditional characters (繁体字, Fántǐzì) are used in Taiwan, Hong Kong (香港, Xiānggǎng), and Macau (澳门, Àomén).

Writing System History

Chinese characters have evolved over several millennia, with significant simplifications occurring in the 20th century in Mainland China.

Total Number of Speakers

About 1.3 speakers globally, making it one of the world's most spoken languages.

About Vietnamese Language

Geographical Distribution

Primarily spoken in Vietnam, with significant communities in the United States, Cambodia, France, Australia, and Canada.

Alphabet

Uses the Latin alphabet, specifically a modified version called Quốc Ngữ. It consists of 29 letters: A, Ă, Â, B, C, D, Đ, E, Ê, G, H, I, K, L, M, N, O, Ô, Ơ, P, Q, R, S, T, U, Ư, V, X, Y

Vowels

aăâeêioôơuưyA is pronounced as /a/Ă is pronounced as /ă/Â is pronounced as /ə/E is pronounced as /ɛ/Ê is pronounced as /e/I is pronounced as /i/O is pronounced as /ɔ/Ô is pronounced as /o/Ơ is pronounced as /ɤ/U is pronounced as /u/Ư is pronounced as /ɨ/Y is pronounced as /i/

Consonants

bcdđghklmnpqrstvxNote: Some consonants are pronounced differently in northern and southern dialects.

Phonetics

Features 44 phonemes including 11 vowels, 17 consonants, and 6 tones that differentiate meaning.

Grammar and Syntax

Generally follows a subject-verb-object (SVO) order. Uses particles and word order to express grammatical relations rather than inflection.

Loanwords

Includes words from Chinese, French, and English due to historical influences and interactions.

Language Family

Part of the Austroasiatic language family, under the Vietic group.

Writing Systems

Currently uses the Latin-based Quốc Ngữ script. Historically, used Chữ Nôm, an adapted Chinese script.

Writing System History

Transitioned from Chữ Nôm to Quốc Ngữ during the French colonial period in the 19th century.

Total Number of Speakers

Approximately 86 million native speakers, making it the most spoken language in the Austroasiatic family.

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