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How English and Dzongkha compare

Different writing systems

English uses Latin while Dzongkha uses Tibetan. Because the two do not share an alphabet, translated output cannot be sounded out from the original spelling — copy the result directly rather than trying to transcribe it.

Unrelated language families

English belongs to the Indo-European family while Dzongkha belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family. With no shared ancestry there are few cognates to fall back on, so idioms and fixed expressions rarely map word-for-word. Short, literal sentences translate more accurately than figurative ones.

Sentence structure changes

English follows subject-verb-object (SVO) order while Dzongkha follows subject-object-verb (SOV). The translator has to rebuild each sentence rather than substitute words in place, so the output will not line up word-for-word with your input. Splitting long sentences improves accuracy.

Speakers

English: Approximately 1.5 billion people speak English to varying degrees of proficiency, with around 360 million native speakers. Dzongkha: Approximately 700,000 native speakers, primarily in Bhutan.

Common English phrases in Dzongkha

Everyday phrases translated from English to Dzongkha — useful for travel, conversation and learning.

Greetings

Hello
སྐུ་མཁྱེན།
Good morning
དྲོ་པ་བདེ་ལེགས།
Good afternoon
ཉིན་དགུང་བདེ་ལེགས།
Good evening
ཕྱི་རུ་བདེ་ལེགས།
Good night
མཚན་མོ་བདེ་ལེགས།
Goodbye
བདེ་ལེགས།
See you later
ཤུལ་ལས་མཇལ་འོང་།
See you tomorrow
ནངས་པ་མཇལ་འོང་།
Welcome
ཕེབས་བསུ་ཞུ།
How are you?
ཁྱོད་ག་དེ་སྦེ་སྨོ?
I am fine, thank you
ང་བདེ་མོ་ཡིན།བཀའ་དྲིན་ཆེ།
Have a good day
ཉིནམ་བཟང་པོ་ཤོག།

Courtesy

Please
སྐུ་མཁྱེན།
Thank you
བཀའ་དྲིན་ཆེ།
Thank you very much
བཀའ་དྲིན་ཆེ།
You are welcome
ཁྱོད་ཕེབས་བསུ་ཞུ།
Yes
ཨིན་
No
མེད།
Excuse me
དགོངས་དག
I am sorry
ང་དགོངས་དག་ཞུ།
No problem
དཀའ་ངལ་མེད།
Of course
ངེས་པར་དུ།
Congratulations
བཀྲིས་བདེ་ལེགས།
Good luck
བཀྲ་ཤིས་བདེ་ལེགས།

Introductions

What is your name?
ཁྱོད་ཀྱི་མིང་ཅི་ཟེར།
Nice to meet you
ཁྱོད་དང་ཕྱད་པར་དགའ་ཡི།
Where are you from?
ཁྱོད་ག་ལས་འོངམ་སྨོ?
How old are you?
ཁྱོད་སྐྱེས་ལོ་ག་དེམ་ཅིག་ལངས་ཡི?
I am a student
ང་སློབ་ཕྲུག།
I am here on holiday
ང་འདི་ན་གུང་གསེང་ལུ་ཡོད།
I am here for work
ང་འདི་ན་ལཱ་གི་དོན་ལུ་འོངམ་ཨིན།
This is my friend
འདི་ངེ་གི་གྲོགས་པོ།

Numbers

One
གཅིག།
Two
གཉིས།
Three
གསུམ།
Four
བཞི།
Five
ལྔ།
Six
དྲུག།
Seven
བདུན།
Eight
བརྒྱད།
Nine
དགུ།
Ten
བཅུ།
One hundred
བརྒྱ།
One thousand
སྟོང་ཕྲག་གཅིག།

Time and dates

Today
དེ་རིང་།
Tomorrow
ནངས་པ།
Yesterday
ཁ་སང་།
Now
ད་ལྟ།
Later
ཤུལ་ལས་
What time is it?
ཆུ་ཚོད་ག་དེམ་ཅིག་ཨིན་ན?
In the morning
དྲོ་པ་ལུ།
In the evening
ཕྱི་དྲོ།
Monday
གཟའ་ཟླ་བ།
Friday
གཟའ་སྤེན་པ།
Next week
ཤུལ་མའི་བདུན་ཕྲག་ནང་།
One hour
ཆུ་ཚོད་གཅིག།

Directions and travel

Where is the bathroom?
ཁྲུས་ཁང་ག་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་སྨོ?
Where is the train station?
མེ་འཁོར་འབབ་ཚུགས་གང་དུ་ཡོད།
Where is the airport?
གནམ་ཐང་ག་ཏེ་ལུ་ཡོདཔ་སྨོ?
How do I get there?
ག་དེ་སྦེ་ལྷོད་ནི་སྨོ?
Turn left
གཡོན་ཕྱོགས་སུ་འཁོར།
Turn right
གཡས་སུ་འཁོར།
Go straight ahead
ཕྲང་སྟེ་འགྱོ།
It is near
ཉེ་བར་ཡོད།
It is far
ཐག་རིང་།
I am lost
ང་བརླག་སོང།
I need a taxi
ང་ལ་གླ་འཁོར་དགོས།
Where can I buy a ticket?
ཤོག་འཛིན་ག་ཏེ་ལས་ཉོ་ཚུགས་ནི་སྨོ?
How much is the ticket?
གླ་ཆ་ག་ཚོད་རེད་དམ།
Is it safe to walk?
ལམ་འགྱོ་ནི་ལུ་ཉེན་སྲུང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་ན?

Food and restaurants

I am hungry
ང་ལྟོཝ་བཀྱེས་དོ།
I am thirsty
ང་ཁ་སྐོམས།
Water, please
ཆུ།
A table for two, please
མི་གཉིས་ཀྱི་དོན་ལུ་ཐིག་ཁྲམ་ཅིག་གནང་།
The menu, please
དཀར་ཆག་འདི་ སྐུ་མཁྱེན།
What do you recommend?
ཁྱོད་ཀྱིས་ག་ཅི་རྒྱབ་སྐྱོར་འབདཝ་སྨོ?
I would like this
ང་འདི་དགའ།
It is delicious
ཞིམ་པོ་ཡོད།
The bill, please
དཔྱད་ཡིག་འདི་ སྐུ་མཁྱེན།
I do not eat meat
ཤ་མི་ཟ།
I have a food allergy
ང་ལུ་ཟ་འཐུང་གི་ནད་གཞི་ཡོད།
Coffee
འཚིག་ཇ།
Tea
ཇ།
Bread
བག་ལེབ།

Shopping and money

How much does this cost?
འདི་ག་དེམ་ཅིག་འགྱོཝ་སྨོ?
It is too expensive
གོང་ཚད་མཐོ་དྲགས།
Do you accept credit cards?
ཁྱོད་ཀྱིས་ བུ་ལོན་ཤོག་བྱང་ཚུ་ ངོས་ལེན་འབདཝ་ཨིན་ན?
I am just looking
ང་ལྟ་བཞིན་ཡོད།
I will take it
ང་གིས་འབག་འོང་།
Open
ཁ་ཕྱེ།
Closed
སྒོ་བསྡམས།
Entrance
འཛུལ་སྒོ།
Exit
ཕྱིར་ཐོན།
Where is the market?
ཁྲོམ་འདི་ག་ཏེ་ཡོདཔ་སྨོ?

Emergency and health

Help
གྲོགས་རམ།
Call a doctor
སྨན་པ་ཁ་པར་གཏང་།
Call the police
ཁྲིམས་སྲུང་འགག་པ་ལུ་ཁ་པར་གཏང་།
I need help
ང་ལུ་རོགས་རམ་དགོ།
I am sick
ང་ན་བ།
Where is the hospital?
སྨན་ཁང་ག་ཏེ་ལུ་ཡོདཔ་སྨོ?
Where is the pharmacy?
སྨན་ཚོང་ཁང་འདི་ག་ཏེ་སྨོ?
It hurts here
འདིར་ན་བ།
I need a doctor
ང་ལ་སྨན་པ་དགོས།
Is there a hospital nearby?
ཉེ་འདབས་ལུ་སྨན་ཁང་ཡོདཔ་ཨིན་ན?

Getting help with language

Do you speak English?
ཁྱོད་ཀྱིས་དབྱིན་སྐད་ཤེས་སམ།
I do not understand
ངས་ཧ་གོ་མ་སོང་།
I understand
ཧ་གོ་ཡི།
Please speak slowly
གསུང་དལ་གྱིས་གསུང་གནང་།
Please repeat that
བསྐྱར་དུ་གསུང་རོགས་གནང་།
Please write it down
འབྲི་གནང་།
What does this mean?
འདི་ག་ཅི་སྟོན་སྨོ?
How do you say this?
འདི་ག་དེ་སྦེ་སླབ་སྨོ?
I am learning
ང་ལྷབ་དོ།
I speak a little
ང་ཅུང་ཟད་བཤད།
Can you help me?
ང་ལུ་ཆ་རོགས་འབད་ཚུགས་ག?
I do not know
ང་གིས་མི་ཤེས

Translations are generated automatically and may vary by region or context.

About Dzongkha Language

Geographical Distribution

Primarily spoken in Bhutan, where it is the national and official language. It is also spoken by Bhutanese communities in neighboring regions of India.

Alphabet

Uses the Tibetan script, specifically the Uchen style, which is an abugida where each character represents a consonant with an inherent vowel.

Vowels

ཨ (a - inherent vowel in consonants)ཨི (i - as in 'see')ཨུ (u - as in 'soon')ཨེ (e - as in 'say')ཨོ (o - as in 'so')

Consonants

ཀ (ka)ཁ (kha)ག (ga)ང (nga)ཅ (ca)ཆ (cha)ཇ (ja)ཉ (nya)ཏ (ta)ཐ (tha)ད (da)ན (na)པ (pa)ཕ (pha)བ (ba)མ (ma)ཙ (tsa)ཚ (tsha)ཛ (dza)ཝ (wa)ཞ (zha)ཟ (za)འ ('a)ཡ (ya)ར (ra)ལ (la)ཤ (sha)ས (sa)ཧ (ha)ཨ (a)

Phonetics

Dzongkha has a tonal system with two primary tones: high and low. The tones can change the meaning of words with the same phonetic structure.

Grammar and Syntax

Follows Subject-Object-Verb (SOV) word order. Nouns are not inflected for gender or number, and verb forms are altered based on tense, mood, and politeness levels.

Loanwords

Includes loanwords from Classical Tibetan, Sanskrit, Hindi, and increasingly English, especially in modern vocabulary.

Language Family

Part of the Sino-Tibetan language family, specifically the Bodish branch.

Writing Systems

Uses the Tibetan script, adapted specifically for Dzongkha pronunciation and structure.

Writing System History

The script originates from Classical Tibetan and has been adapted over centuries for Dzongkha use.

Total Number of Speakers

Approximately 700,000 native speakers, primarily in Bhutan.

About English Language

Geographical Distribution

English is a global language, spoken as a first language in countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. It is also widely used as a second language worldwide.

Alphabet

Uses the Latin alphabet. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z

Vowels

aeiousometimes y

Consonants

bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz

Phonetics

Features a complex phonetic system with significant variations in accent and pronunciation across different regions. Includes around 44 phonemes in Received Pronunciation and diphthongs and triphthongs.

Grammar and Syntax

Typically follows a subject-verb-object (SVO) word order. Known for its relatively flexible syntax and extensive use of auxiliary verbs.

Loanwords

English vocabulary includes a vast number of loanwords from Latin, French, Norse, and many other languages, reflecting its historical development and adaptability.

Language Family

Part of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.

Writing Systems

Currently uses the Latin script, with a history of using other scripts such as Old English runes and the Anglo-Saxon futhorc

Writing System History

The Latin script was adopted during the medieval period, replacing the earlier runic alphabets used by Anglo-Saxon settlers.

Total Number of Speakers

Approximately 1.5 billion people speak English to varying degrees of proficiency, with around 360 million native speakers.

Frequently Asked Questions

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