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How English and Sanskrit compare

Different writing systems

English uses Latin while Sanskrit uses Devanagari. Because the two do not share an alphabet, translated output cannot be sounded out from the original spelling — copy the result directly rather than trying to transcribe it.

Related languages

Both English and Sanskrit belong to the Indo-European language family. Related languages tend to share vocabulary roots and comparable sentence structure, which generally makes machine translation between them more reliable — though false friends, words that look alike but mean different things, are also more common between relatives.

Sentence structure changes

English follows subject-verb-object (SVO) order while Sanskrit follows subject-object-verb (SOV). The translator has to rebuild each sentence rather than substitute words in place, so the output will not line up word-for-word with your input. Splitting long sentences improves accuracy.

Speakers

English: Approximately 1.5 billion people speak English to varying degrees of proficiency, with around 360 million native speakers. Sanskrit: As a classical language, it is primarily studied and maintained by scholars and practitioners; native speakers are minimal, primarily used in religious contexts.

Common English phrases in Sanskrit

Everyday phrases translated from English to Sanskrit — useful for travel, conversation and learning.

Greetings

Greetings: English phrases and their Sanskrit translations
EnglishSanskrit
Helloनमस्कार
Good morningसुप्रभातम्
Good afternoonशुभ अपराह्ण
Good eveningशुभ सन्ध्या
Good nightशुभरात्रि
Goodbyeअलविदा
See you laterपश्चात् पश्यामः
See you tomorrowश्वः मिलित्वा
Welcomeस्वागतम्
How are you?कथं भवसि ?
I am fine, thank youअहं कुशलः अस्मि, धन्यवादः
Have a good dayशुभदिनम् भवतु

Courtesy

Courtesy: English phrases and their Sanskrit translations
EnglishSanskrit
Pleaseकृपया
Thank youधन्यवादः
Thank you very muchबहु धन्यवादः
You are welcomeभवतः स्वागतम् अस्ति
Yesआम्
No
Excuse meक्षम्यतां
I am sorryक्षम्यतां
No problemकोऽपि समस्या नास्ति
Of courseअवश्यम्
Congratulationsअभिनन्दनम्
Good luckशुभकामना

Introductions

Introductions: English phrases and their Sanskrit translations
EnglishSanskrit
What is your name?भवतः नाम किम् ?
Nice to meet youभवन्तं मिलित्वा आनन्दः अभवत्
Where are you from?त्वं कुतः असि ?
How old are you?भवतः वयः कियत्‌?
I am a studentअहं छात्रः अस्मि
I am here on holidayअहम् अत्र अवकाशदिने अस्मि
I am here for workअहं कार्यार्थम् अत्र अस्मि
This is my friendएषः मम मित्रम्

Numbers

Numbers: English phrases and their Sanskrit translations
EnglishSanskrit
Oneएकं
Twoद्वे
Threeत्रयः
Fourचतुः
Fiveपञ्च
Sixषट्
Sevenसप्त
Eightअष्टौ
Nineनव
Tenदश
One hundredशतं
One thousandएक सहस्रम्

Time and dates

Time and dates: English phrases and their Sanskrit translations
EnglishSanskrit
Todayअद्य
Tomorrowश्वः
Yesterdayकालः
Nowअधुना
Laterपश्चात्
What time is it?कः समयः ?
In the morningप्रातःकाले
In the eveningसायंकाले
Mondayसोमवासरः
Fridayशुक्रवासरः
Next weekअग्रिमे सप्ताहे
One hourएकघण्टा

Directions and travel

Directions and travel: English phrases and their Sanskrit translations
EnglishSanskrit
Where is the bathroom?स्नानगृहं कुत्र अस्ति ?
Where is the train station?रेलस्थानकं कुत्र अस्ति ?
Where is the airport?विमानस्थानकं कुत्र अस्ति ?
How do I get there?कथं तत्र गच्छामि ?
Turn leftवामभागे गच्छन्तु
Turn rightदक्षिणं गच्छतु
Go straight aheadसीधा अग्रे गच्छतु
It is nearसमीपस्थम् अस्ति
It is farदूरम् अस्ति
I am lostअहं नष्टः अस्मि
I need a taxiमम टैक्सी आवश्यकम्
Where can I buy a ticket?टिकटं कुत्र क्रेतुं शक्नोमि ?
How much is the ticket?टिकटं कियत् अस्ति ?
Is it safe to walk?किं पादचालनं सुरक्षितम् अस्ति ?

Food and restaurants

Food and restaurants: English phrases and their Sanskrit translations
EnglishSanskrit
I am hungryअहं क्षुधार्तः अस्मि
I am thirstyअहं तृषितः अस्मि
Water, pleaseजलं कृपया
A table for two, pleaseद्वयोः कृते मेजः कृपया
The menu, pleaseमेनू, कृपया
What do you recommend?भवन्तः किं अनुशंसन्ति ?
I would like thisअहम् एतत् इच्छामि
It is deliciousस्वादिष्टम् अस्ति
The bill, pleaseविधेयकं कृपया
I do not eat meatअहं मांसं न खादामि
I have a food allergyमम आहारस्य एलर्जी अस्ति
Coffeeकाफी
Teaचाय
Breadरोटिका

Shopping and money

Shopping and money: English phrases and their Sanskrit translations
EnglishSanskrit
How much does this cost?एतस्य कियत् मूल्यं भवति ?
It is too expensiveअतिमहत्त्वपूर्णम् अस्ति
Do you accept credit cards?किं भवन्तः क्रेडिट् कार्ड् स्वीकुर्वन्ति ?
I am just lookingअहं केवलं पश्यामि
I will take itअहं तत् गृह्णामि
Openउद्घाटितम्
Closedनिमीलितम्
Entranceप्रवेशः
Exitनिर्गमनम्
Where is the market?विपण्यं कुत्र अस्ति ?

Emergency and health

Emergency and health: English phrases and their Sanskrit translations
EnglishSanskrit
Helpसाहाय्यम्
Call a doctorवैद्यं आह्वयन्तु
Call the policeपुलिसं आह्वयन्तु
I need helpमम साहाय्यस्य आवश्यकता अस्ति
I am sickअहं रोगी अस्मि
Where is the hospital?चिकित्सालयः कुत्र अस्ति ?
Where is the pharmacy?औषधालयः कुत्र अस्ति ?
It hurts hereअत्र व्यथते
I need a doctorमम वैद्यस्य आवश्यकता अस्ति
Is there a hospital nearby?समीपे चिकित्सालयः अस्ति वा ?

Getting help with language

Getting help with language: English phrases and their Sanskrit translations
EnglishSanskrit
Do you speak English?भवान् आङ्ग्लभाषां वदति वा ?
I do not understandअहं न अवगच्छामि
I understandअहं अवगच्छामि
Please speak slowlyकृपया मन्दं वदतु
Please repeat thatतत् पुनः पुनः कथयतु
Please write it downकृपया लिखित करें
What does this mean?एतस्य किम् अर्थः ?
How do you say this?कथं वदसि ?
I am learningअहं शिक्षमाणः अस्मि
I speak a littleअहं किञ्चित् वदामि
Can you help me?किं त्वं मम साहाय्यं कर्तुं शक्नोषि ?
I do not knowअहं जानामि मा

Translations are generated automatically and may vary by region or context.

About Sanskrit Language

Geographical Distribution

Originated in ancient India, and was widely used across the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and other regions influenced by Hinduism and Buddhism.

Alphabet

Uses the Devanagari script, but historically was also written using other scripts like Brahmi, Grantha, and regional scripts of India. Comprises 48 phonemic letters: 14 vowels and 34 consonants.

Vowels

अ (a)आ (ā)इ (i)ई (ī)उ (u)ऊ (ū)ऋ (ṛ)ॠ (ṝ)ऌ (ḷ)ॡ (ḹ)ए (e)ऐ (ai)ओ (o)औ (au)

Consonants

क (ka)ख (kha)ग (ga)घ (gha)ङ (ṅa)च (ca)छ (cha)ज (ja)झ (jha)ञ (ña)ट (ṭa)ठ (ṭha)ड (ḍa)ढ (ḍha)ण (ṇa)त (ta)थ (tha)द (da)ध (dha)न (na)प (pa)फ (pha)ब (ba)भ (bha)म (ma)य (ya)र (ra)ल (la)व (va)श (śa)ष (ṣa)स (sa)ह (ha)

Phonetics

Features complex rules for euphonic combination (sandhi) and a pitch accent system in Vedic Sanskrit. The language has a precise and scientific phonetic system.

Grammar and Syntax

Extremely structured with eight cases for nouns, three genders, and three numbers. Verbs are conjugated in three persons, three numbers, and ten tenses and moods. Typically follows a subject-object-verb (SOV) order.

Loanwords

Has influenced many modern languages, especially in India, including Hindi, Bengali, and Marathi. It has also contributed significantly to the vocabulary of Southeast Asian languages.

Language Family

Part of the Indo-European family, specifically the Indo-Iranian and subsequently the Indo-Aryan branch.

Writing Systems

Traditionally written in Brahmi and its descendants. Devanagari is the most commonly used script in the modern period.

Writing System History

Sanskrit's writing system has evolved through the centuries, beginning with Brahmi script and diversifying into various regional scripts across South Asia.

Total Number of Speakers

As a classical language, it is primarily studied and maintained by scholars and practitioners; native speakers are minimal, primarily used in religious contexts.

About English Language

Geographical Distribution

English is a global language, spoken as a first language in countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand. It is also widely used as a second language worldwide.

Alphabet

Uses the Latin alphabet. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z

Vowels

aeiousometimes y

Consonants

bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz

Phonetics

Features a complex phonetic system with significant variations in accent and pronunciation across different regions. Includes around 44 phonemes in Received Pronunciation and diphthongs and triphthongs.

Grammar and Syntax

Typically follows a subject-verb-object (SVO) word order. Known for its relatively flexible syntax and extensive use of auxiliary verbs.

Loanwords

English vocabulary includes a vast number of loanwords from Latin, French, Norse, and many other languages, reflecting its historical development and adaptability.

Language Family

Part of the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family.

Writing Systems

Currently uses the Latin script, with a history of using other scripts such as Old English runes and the Anglo-Saxon futhorc

Writing System History

The Latin script was adopted during the medieval period, replacing the earlier runic alphabets used by Anglo-Saxon settlers.

Total Number of Speakers

Approximately 1.5 billion people speak English to varying degrees of proficiency, with around 360 million native speakers.

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